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Robert ("Bob") Hudson Backus (July 11, 1926 – June 30, 1999) was an American track and field athlete who set world records in the hammer throw. He wore ballet slippers during competition and after using weight training to overcome the effects of meningitis.〔Litsky, Frank. ("Bob Backus Is Dead at 72; World's Best Weight Thrower" ), ''The New York Times'', July 7, 1999. Accessed March 30, 2009.〕 Backus was born on July 11, 1926 in Boston.〔(Bob Backus ), Sports-reference.com. Accessed March 30, 2009.〕 At 6 feet, 5 inches in height and 160 pounds, Backus was rejected by the United States Army Air Forces' cadet program as he was deemed too thin. As part of his efforts to recover from spinal meningitis, Backus took up weight training and bulked up into a 290-pound strongman, despite concerns that such training would make him "musclebound".〔 He attended Tufts University, where he started weight throwing, participating in the 16-pound hammer throw outdoors, and the 35 and 56 pound events indoors. Because no footwear had yet been developed for the sport, Backus wore ballet shoes.〔 Backus set a world record and career best of 45 feet 2 inches in the 56-pound throw at the New York Athletic Club's annual spring games, held on June 8, 1957 in Pelham Manor, New York, setting a record that broke a record he had previously set, adding another foot to the world mark.〔Strauss, Michael. ("BACKUS IMPROVES ON WORLD RECORD; Tosses 56-Pound Weight 45 Feet 2 Inches to Raise Own Mark--Hall Wins" ), ''The New York Times'', June 9, 1957. Accessed March 30, 2009.〕 He also set a record in February 1959 for the 35-pound weight with a distance of 66 feet 2¾ inches, one of five world records set at the Amateur Athletic Union's national indoor track and field championships at Madison Square Garden.〔Sheehan, Joseph M. ("THOMAS, DELANY AND 3 OTHERS SET WORLD RECORDS;; JUMP CAPS MEET" ), ''The New York Times'', February 22, 1959. Accessed March 30, 2009.〕 He won U.S. titles in the 56-pound event each of the seven years from 1953 to 1959 and won seven out of eight years from 1954 to 1961 in the 35-pound throw.〔 He won the American title in the hammer throw in 1954 and won a gold medal in the event at the 1955 Pan American Games in Mexico City. He competed in the event at the 1952 Summer Olympics, finishing in 13th place.〔 In February 1978, a 51-year-old Backus came in second in an otherwise uneventful 35-pound weight throw at the AAU national indoor championships held at Madison Square Garden.〔Amdur, Neil. ("McTear Takes Dash in 6.04 For World Indoor Record; Livers Takes Triple Jump Title at 55-3 Coghlan, Miss Larrieu Win 440 Star Upset McTear Runs 6.04 in Dash For World Indoor Mark Tanzanian Beats Liquori" ), ''The New York Times'', February 25, 1978. Accessed March 30, 2009.〕 Backus died at age 72 on June 30, 1999 at Boston's Vencor Hospital, having suffered a stroke in December 1998 and been in poor health for several years before his death. His first marriage, to Elsa Torikka of Finland, who he had met at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki where she had competed in the javelin, ended in divorce. He was survived by his second wife, a daughter and son.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bob Backus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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